"What does it mean to use violence as a means of resistance? How has violent resistance shaped Black radical freedom movements, despite the popular notion that peaceful pleas for humanity or moderate negotiations with white supremacist oppression are the only path to racial justice? In We Refuse, Kellie Carter Jackson provides a cogent, provocative, and ultimately inspiring re-evaluation of how violence--in all its forms--has been used by Black people to resist slavery and its afterlives. Both radical history and racial reckoning, this book is sure to become a canonical text. Through extensive research and brilliant analysis of Black communities and our politics, We Refuse is a timely re-writing of the African American past, one that forces us to reframe our discussion of our beloved civil rights icons, our assumptions about our politics, and our collective understanding of what it means to resist."--Kerri K. Greenidge, author of The Grimkes

"Urgent [and] uncompromising."
--Kirkus (starred review)

"From one of our generation's most exciting historians, We Refuse changes the way we understand the contours and legacy of the Black freedom struggle. Blending fierce analysis with touching personal vignettes, Kellie Carter Jackson's essential new book enhances the most pressing debates of our time and will stay with readers long after they finish."--Elizabeth Hinton, author of America on Fire

"Kellie Carter Jackson tells a nuanced and textured story about how African Americans, over many centuries, have refused racism by any means necessary. Her book thoughtfully reveals that nonviolence is just one of the many strategies Black people have used to assert their humanity and achieve full equality in this country. It is a must-read for all of us committed to understanding and, hopefully, joining the long freedom struggle."--Salamishah Tillet, Pulitzer Prize-winning critic

"Enthralling...A fascinating array of histories that highlight the ingeniousness, efficacy, and relatability of Black political maneuvering across several centuries of oppression...By astutely delineating how Black resistance strategies have always existed on a spectrum between the binary of nonviolence vs. violence, Carter Jackson demolishes an unnecessarily rigid distinction. The result is an invigorating paradigm shift."--Publishers Weekly (starred review)

"Unsparing, erudite, and incisive, We Refuse is an insurgent history. Kellie Carter Jackson has produced a book that is every bit as urgent as the subject matter she so brilliantly writes about."--Jelani Cobb, coeditor of The Matter of Black Lives

"Compelling and often counterintuitive."--New York Times Book Review

"Eye-opening."--Gayle King, CBS Mornings

"Illuminating, informative and, ultimately, hopeful."--Minneapolis Star-Tribune

"Kellie Carter Jackson has outdone herself with this masterfully researched and endlessly readable exploration--and celebration--of Black refusal to racism and oppression."--Ms. Magazine